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頁面建立日期
2018.10.09

頁面更新日期
2018.11.15

https://doi.org/10.30942/2.20181009.007
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#性別議題

性少眾 Lgbt+


簡介 Introduction

性少眾，又稱同志或 LGBT ，是非異性戀者的通稱，亦可狹義地解說為女同性戀者（ Lesbian ）、男同性戀者（ Gay ）、雙性戀者（ Bisexual ）與跨性別者（ Transgender ），其後亦加上了「 Q 」，代表酷兒（ Queer ）或對其性別認同感到疑惑的人（ Questioning ）；並加上字母 「 I 」代表中性者 (intersex) 。 性少數一般統稱為 LGBTI 或 LGBT+ ，「 + 」是說明性傾向及性別認同是兩個不同的光譜，不管你生理上是男或是女，性別認同是指你心理上認同自己的性別是男或女；另一方面，性傾向是指你喜歡男生或女生。 鑑於不少傳統文化及宗教對性少數有成見，性少數社群一直飽受歧視及攻擊，甚至將性少數的偏好視為精神病患或異端思想，家人及專業人士往往施以強制治療及暴力，期望更正性少數的偏好 (Almeida, 2009) 。大眾及社會一般對性少數人士有偏見，令他們在教育、就業或其他應有的權利得不到公平的待遇 ( 林祖偉 , 2018 ; 法政匯思 , 2018 ) 。 近年全球各地都出現同志社會運動，爭取其應有的平等權利及建立同志友善社會 (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2014) 。 隨著同志文化及社區的發展，同志運動在某些地方開始取得成效，例如將同性戀除罪化及除病化，並將性少數的歧視立法保障，並修訂法例以保障性少數可獲同等的待遇及保障。此外，不少國家亦開始討論同性婚姻合法化，而同志家庭亦獲同等機會領養子女 (Thoreson, 2014) 。

LGBT is broadly defined as an individual with a diversity of sexuality and gender identity. LGBT is an initial that stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender. Another two letters were included where letter “Q” stands for "Queer" or "Questioning" and letter “I” represents “intersex”. Sexual minorities are often named as LGBTQI or LGBT+ where “+” emphasis on the spectrums of gender identity and sexual orientation. Beside of your biological sex, gender identity is the gender you preferred and sexual orientation implies your preferences for relationship. As against traditional culture and religion value, sexual minorities are being discriminated and attacked constantly. Their sexual preference was viewed as mental illness and deviance which required forced treatment and violence from professionals and family members to rectify their choices (Almeida, 2009). LGBT members receive unequal rights and treatment in terms of education, employment and other rights due to prejudice of general public and the society ( 林祖偉 , 2018 ; 法政匯思 , 2018 ). LGBT social movements is emerging around the word in the hope of advocating equality of LGBT and LGBT-friendly society. With the constant development of LGBT culture and community, the outcome of LGBT social movement is becoming significant (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2014). For example, homosexual is no longer classified as crime or mental illnesses. Also, law protection against discrimination were launched and exercised in various countries to ensure LGBT members receive equal rights and treatment. In some countries, same sex marriage is being recognized and these same-sex families earn equal rights to adopt children as other heterosexual families (Thoreson, 2014).

作者/Author:Carmen K.M. Yau

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